London is a city layered with history, where the remnants of the Roman Empire can still be seen today. Among the best-preserved Roman ruins is the London Mithraeum, a temple dedicated to the god Mithras, which offers a fascinating glimpse into ancient worship practices. Visitors can explore the carefully restored ruins beneath the bustling streets of the modern city.
Another significant site is the remnants of the London Wall, originally built by the Romans around the 2nd or 3rd century. Sections of this ancient fortification still stand, providing a striking contrast to the surrounding contemporary architecture.
The Roman Amphitheatre beneath the Guildhall is yet another well-preserved site. Discovered in 1988, the amphitheatre’s remains reveal London’s vibrant social life during the Roman era. Visitors can walk through the arena where gladiators once fought, offering a tangible connection to the past.
The History of Roman London
Ancient London’s roots trace back to its establishment by the Romans, which laid the foundations of the city’s development. Roman influence continues to be evident in modern London through architecture, road alignments, and archaeological finds.
Establishment and Growth
The Romans founded Londinium around AD 47-50, shortly after their invasion of Britain. Its strategic location along the River Thames made it an ideal hub for trade and defence. The initial settlement was modest, but it quickly expanded.
By the early 2nd century, Londinium had grown into a bustling city, complete with a forum, basilica, amphitheatre, and public baths. The construction of the London Wall around AD 200 fortified the city, offering protection against invaders.
Key structures and infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and public buildings, were built using advanced Roman engineering techniques. This not only facilitated commercial activities but also showcased the Romans’ dedication to civic development and urban planning.
Roman Influence on Modern London
Numerous discoveries and remnants of Roman times still shape London today. Many modern roads, such as Watling Street and Ermine Street, trace their origins back to Roman times. These thoroughfares were designed for efficient movement of troops and trade goods.
Underground, much of London’s sewer and water systems owe their designs to Roman principles of engineering. The remains of Roman structures can be seen in places like the London Wall, the Mithraeum, and remnants of the amphitheatre beneath the Guildhall.
Additionally, various artefacts uncovered during excavations in London museums contribute to our understanding of Roman daily life and their long-lasting influence on the city’s development. These finds help paint a fuller picture of how the Romans integrated and influenced life in what has become one of the world’s most dynamic cities.
Exploring London’s Roman Ruins
London’s Roman ruins offer a fascinating glimpse into ancient history, showcasing fortifications, entertainment venues, and religious sites that once played key roles in daily life.
The London Wall and City Gates
The London Wall, constructed by the Romans in the late 2nd or early 3rd century, is a significant remnant of Londinium. It originally stood at about six metres high and stretched nearly 3.2 kilometres around the city.
Key Sites:
- Tower Hill: Remains of the wall near the Tower of London.
- Museum of London: Large sections of the wall can be seen here.
- Aldgate and Bishopsgate: Locations of the original city gates.
Much of the wall was incorporated into later medieval structures, making it a blend of ancient and newer architecture.
The Amphitheatre Beneath Guildhall Yard
Discovered in 1988, the Roman amphitheatre lies beneath the Guildhall Yard. This once housed spectacles such as gladiator contests and public executions, serving as a major entertainment venue.
Highlights:
- Museum Experience: The site is part of the Guildhall Art Gallery.
- Interactive Displays: Visitors can see the outline of the amphitheatre through special exhibits.
- Architectural Features: Stone and timber construction with a seating capacity of about 6,000 spectators.
The area vividly illustrates Roman public life in ancient Londinium.
Roman Baths and Temples
Roman baths and temples provided not only places for relaxation but also for worship and socialising.
Notable Baths:
- Strand Lane Baths: Incorrectly identified as Roman but still historically significant.
- Billingsgate Roman House and Baths: Properly identified baths open to the public on specific tours.
Temples:
- Temple of Mithras: Situated on Walbrook, dedicated to the god Mithras. Rediscovered in 1954, now showcased in the Bloomberg SPACE.
These sites reflect the rich cultural and religious practices of Roman Britain.
